Niche construction and the behavioral context of plant and animal domestication

Abstract

Many animal species attempt to enhance their environments through niche construction or environmental engineering. Such efforts at environmental modification are proposed to play an Important and underappreciated role in shaping biotlc communities and evolutionary processes.1,2 Homo sapiens is acknowledged as the ultimate niche constructing species in terms of our rich repertoire of ecosystem engineering skills and the magnitude of their Impact. We have been trying to make the world a better place-for ourselves-for tens of thousands of years. I argue here that It is within this general context of niche-construction behavior that our distant ancestors initially domesticated plants and animals and, in the process, first gained the ability to significantly alter the world's environments. The general concept of niche construction also provides the logical link between current efforts to understand domestication being conducted at two disconnected scales of analysis. At the level of individual plant and animal species, on one hand, there recently have been significant advances in our knowledge of the what, when, and where of domestication of an ever-increasing number of species worldwide. 3 At the same time, large-scale regional or universal developmental models of the transition to food production continue to be formulated. These incorporate a variety of "macro-evolutionary" causal variables that may account for why human societies first domesticated plants and animals. 4,5 This essay employs the general concept of niche construction to address the Intervening question of how, and to connect these two scales of analysis by identifying the general behavioral context within which human societies responded to "macroevolutlonary" causal variables and forged new human plant or animal relationships of domestication. © 2007 Wilev-Liss. Inc.