Tools of causal inference

Abstract

Causal inference means strategy that meets assumptions for identifying causal effects. Enormous theories and methods have already been introduced in causal inference literature. However, the theory and method imaged at the time of causality inference might differ between fields because causal inference does not necessarily correspond to partucular methods. In this paper, we systematically review the theory and method of causality inference while paying attention to the viewpoints of various fields such as epidemiology as well as social science. We also introduce the controversy continues among schools today as regards how to define and interpret causality.