Effect of periodontal treatment on serum inflammatory parameters and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Several descriptive studies have shown an association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but clinical trials evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment on serological inflammatory parameters or disease activity in SLE patients are very limited. The aim of this study was to see how periodontal treatment affects the status of SLE patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with active SLE and periodontitis were randomly assigned to one of two groups: case (oral hygiene instructions + scaling and root planning) or control (oral hygiene instructions only). Periodontal parameters, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) levels were monitored at baseline and 3 months later. Results: Periodontal parameters in the case group were significantly reduced both statistically and clinically after 3 months. However, in the control group, these indices decreased statistically (P < 0.05) but not clinically. The score of SLEDAI in both the groups showed a significant downward trend (P < 0.05) from the start of the study, but the differences in this index between the two groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.894). Although there was a significant decrease in CRP and ESR (P = 0.001) after 3 months in the case group, indicating a positive effect of periodontal treatment on inflammation reduction, there was no significant decrease in CRP and ESR in the control group. Conclusion: According to our findings, it appears to be no statistically significant association between periodontal treatment and SLEDAI level. However, this treatment seems to be effective in reducing acute phase biomarkers such as CRP and ESR.