Statistical evaluation of the uncertainties in the characterization of South African mine tailings

Abstract

In this study, a South African mine tailing sample was characterized for base metals using X-Ray fluorescence, alkaline fusion, and acid digestion to subsequently evaluate the uncertainties involved. This was based on the importance of characterization data in subsequent methods and obtaining confidence in such methods. It was determined that instrument repeatability and reproducibility contributed most to the overall uncertainty. At a coverage factor of 2 (k=2), the measurement result for iron through alkaline fusion, XRF, and acid digestion was found to be 3.476 ± 0.026%, 3.835 ± 0.023%, and 3.741 ± 0.020%, respectively, and that of arsenic were 88 ± 11 mg kg−1 and 85.5 ± 8.3 mg kg−1 for fusion and acid digestion, respectively. Based on the calculated expanded uncertainties which are at an average of 0.8% of the measurement results, the three methods can be associated with high statistical confidence and therefore eases decision-making regarding subsequent analytical methods.