RTMS: A Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Method Based on Feature Fusion and Vulnerability Correlations

Abstract

Smart contracts are at the core of blockchain technology, but the cost of fixing their security vulnerabilities is high, making pre-deployment vulnerability detection crucial. Existing methods rely on fixed rules, which have limitations in accuracy and scalability, and their efficiency decreases with the complexity of the rules. Neural-network-based methods can identify some vulnerabilities but are inefficient in multi-vulnerability scenarios and depend on source code. To address these issues, we propose a multi-vulnerability-based smart contract detection method called RTMS. RTMS takes bytecode as input, disassembles it into opcodes, uses the gas consumed by the contract for data slicing, and extends the length of input opcodes through a layered structure. It employs a weighted binary cross-entropy (BCE) function to handle data imbalance and combines channel-sequence attention mechanisms to extract vulnerability correlation features. By using transfer learning, it reduces training parameters and computational costs. Our RTMS model can detect multiple vulnerabilities simultaneously, enhancing detection accuracy and efficiency. In experiments with 100,000 real contract samples, the model achieved a Jaccard coefficient of 0.9312, a Hamming loss of 0.0211, and an F1 score that improved by about 11 percentage points compared to existing models, demonstrating its superiority and stability.