The Changes in Oceanographic Condition of Makassar Strait Related with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Events of 2009 - 2019

Abstract

The Makassar Strait is one of the main gates of the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) which carries out water masses from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean through Makassar Strait, Indonesia. The Makassar Strait is thought to be one of the waters affected by the ENSO phenomenon. This study aims to determine changes in sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a content, wind speed and direction and salinity content, as well as to see the upwelling potential in the Makassar Strait waters during the ENSO event from 2009-2019. The data used are sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity, surface current velocity and direction, surface wind speed and direction as well as surface chlorophyll-a obtained from Climate Prediction Centre (NOAA). Based on Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) data, during 2009 - 2019 there were 3 times the ENSO phenomena occurred. The results of the study stated that in each of the ENSO phases fluctuations occurred at sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll-a, surface salinity, as well as wind speed and direction and sea surface currents. During the ENSO phase, it is suspected that there is potentially area of upwelling in the Makassar Strait. This study highlights that ENSO event could be a reference for determining the location of sustainable fishing.