Factors Associated With Vaccination Refusal Among a Sample of the Jordanian Population

Abstract

Using a questionnaire, this study investigated the numerous factors affecting the Jordanian population’s rejection of COVID-19 vaccines. The data were collected in 2020 to 2021. Using the chi-square test, t-test, Cramer’s V-test, and analysis of variance, we found that most of the Sample (72.6%) obtained information on COVID-19 and its vaccines from social media, radio, and television. In comparison, 31.1% and 35.4% of the Sample obtained from government/official sources or health specialists, respectively, with a lesser share relying on colleagues (13.7%) and scientific lectures (17.5%). Furthermore, depending on the participants’ characteristics, there were significant differences in the information sources or abstinence factors. Several factors were associated with vaccine refusal and hesitancy, including contradictory/conflicting information, lack of trust in vaccines/manufacturers, doubt about the vaccines’ effectiveness, and the belief that the risks of COVID-19 are minimal. Based on these findings, we present several recommendations for policymakers.