A hermeneutical analysis of human rights protections in the deployment and regulation of AI systems in the Western Balkans

Abstract

This study uses a hermeneutical approach to analyze human rights protections in AI regulation across the Western Balkans. Six countries, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, and Kosovo, face challenges in balancing technology and fundamental rights. Through an interpretative analysis of legal texts and policies, this research investigates the understanding and implementation of human rights principles in AI governance. The findings show significant disparities in regulatory approaches, with many countries lacking comprehensive AI legislation despite increased technology use. The hermeneutical lens reveals how historical legacies and EU accession influence interpretations of privacy, nondiscrimination, and transparency. The study identifies gaps between international human rights standards and regional practices, suggesting opportunities for rights-centered AI governance. It concludes with policy recommendations for regional cooperation, capacity building, and contextually appropriate regulations to protect human rights and encourage innovation.