Clinical Features, Genetic Landscape and Management of Behçet's Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Behçet's syndrome is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin, presenting with diverse symptoms such as recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and uveitis, and can impact multiple organ systems. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical evaluation due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach to control inflammation and alleviate symptoms, utilizing treatments like corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and biological therapies. The higher prevalence of Behçet's syndrome along the Silk Road points to significant environmental and genetic influences. Despite progress in understanding its clinical manifestations and treatment options, the underlying mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. Future research is crucial to uncover the disease's pathophysiology and refine treatment strategies, aiming to prevent severe complications such as blindness and neurological impairment. This comprehensive review explores the clinical features, genetic background, and management strategies for Behçet's syndrome, highlighting the potential of precision medicine to improve patient care.