Part 57: Aspects of Limnology in America, 1930s to about 1990, Led by Hutchinson and Hasler

Abstract

Part 50 described the founding of limnology and its worldwide development, from 1870s to 1920s (Egerton 2014 a ). E. A. Birge and Chancy Juday in Wisconsin and August Thienemann in Germany remained active after the 1920s (Juday and Hasler 1946 :472–480, Thienemann 1959 :78–489, Frey 1963 b , Elster 1974 :13–19, Egerton 2008 b , 2015 a :37–39), but their stories are not continued here, though their infl uence is mentioned. I am unable to survey fully the history of all American limnol- ogy, 1930–1990, but here are aspects of it. The detailed Limnology in North America (Frey 1963 a ) is a valuable resource for part of this period and includes Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean Islands. It is mostly a survey of American limnological knowledge, not history of limnological science. Three direc- tories of biological stations, compiled by U.S. biologists, are useful, though marine stations outnumber freshwater ones: Homer Jack ( 1945 ), Biological Field Stations of the World is quite brief and includes a few stations not aquatically focused; Robert Hiatt ( 1954 ), Directory of Hydrobiological Laboratories and Personnel in North America is the most detailed; Hiatt ( 1963 ), World Directory of Hydrobiological and Fisheries Institutions . The American Institute of Biological Sciences ( 2010 ) has reprinted from BioScience a booklet (ii + 72 pages) of articles—one from 2002, six from 2009—of historical relevance, entitled Topics in Biological Field Stations . Laura Tydecks et al. ( 2016 ) compiled worldwide data on biological fi eld stations and have published a summary of their fi ndings, giving a web site for the details. “Mac” McIntosh ( 1985 :124–127) briefl y surveyed history of limnology in The Background of Ecology, four pages of which concern the period of this part 57.