Spontaneous scalarization as a new core-collapse supernova mechanism and its multimessenger signals

Abstract

We perform multidimensional core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations in a massive scalar-tensor theory for the first time with a realistic equation of state and multienergy neutrino radiation. Among the set of our models varying the scalar mass and the coupling strength between the scalar and gravitational fields, a particular model allows for recurrent spontaneous scalarizations (SSs) in the protoneutron star (PNS). Each SS induces the PNS collapse and subsequent bounce, from which devastating shock waves emanate and eject the PNS envelope. The explosion energy can easily exceed O(1051) erg. This study reveals new aspects of SS as the explosion mechanism of CCSNe. We also discuss its characteristic multimessenger signals: neutrinos and gravitational waves.