Explicit multi-scale modelling of intrinsic self-healing after low-velocity impact in GFRP composites

Abstract

In this work, a multi-scale framework is used for modelling of Low Velocity Impact (LVI) and post-impact healing of woven intrinsically self-healing FRP composite structures. The matrix constituent is modelled using the elastic–plastic micro-damage healing model. Furthermore, the reinforcing fibres are modelled as linear elastic with Hashin failure criterion and progressive damage model. The employed micromechanical model is the Rule of Mixtures (ROM). The developed model is implemented into Abaqus/Explicit user material subroutine VUMAT and validated using the LVI experimental results available in the literature. Tested specimens consisted of a self-healing epoxy resin and woven E-glass fabric as the matrix constituent and reinforcement, respectively. Validation results by comparing contact forces have shown that the model accurately predicts damaging mechanisms in the specimen. Additionally, prediction of fibre damage is in satisfactory agreement with experimental results. Finally, prediction of damaged and healed areas corresponds to experimental ultrasonic measurements.