Fatal Non-Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Following Viperine Bite

Abstract

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) commonly occurs in patients with wasting disease (e.g. malignancy) or with valves damaged following trauma due to intra-cardiac foreign body, scarring or marked turbulence. Although disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIG) is well documented following viperine bite and the underlying mechanism of NBTE is thought to be DIG, there is no report of NBTE in humans following snake bite. We report a young male who following viperine bite developed local swelling, superficial gangrene of tissues at the site of bite, and oliguria and died following multiple cerebral infarcts and acute renal failure. The post-mortem examination showed NBTE of the aortic valve, multiple embolic infarcts of brain, spleen and kidneys, acute tubular necrosis and features of DIG in the brain in the form of fibrin thrombi in the capillaries, perivascular hemorrhages and necrosis.