Recognizing the Health Benefits of Plant-Sourced Omega-3 Stearidonic Acid: Exploring Its Complementary Role to Preformed EPA/DHA

Abstract

Long-chain (LC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are crucial for optimal development, healthy aging, and disease management. Traditionally sourced from fatty fish, these omega-3 PUFAs face sustainability challenges, prompting increased exploration of plant-based alternatives, such as stearidonic acid (SDA). Recent studies highlight the efficient conversion of SDA to EPA, meaning that SDA may offer similar health benefits to EPA, including immune, joint, cognitive, and gut microbiome modulation (with distinct SDA-derived metabolites). This mini-review explores new research on SDA and its potential to deliver human health benefits. SDA-rich oils, notably Buglossoides arvensis oil (RBO; also known as Ahiflower oil) provide an eco-friendly, sustainable alternative to fish-derived omega-3 PUFAs. As concerns about marine omega-3 PUFA sources grow, SDA-rich oils present a viable option for clinicians and consumers seeking effective omega-3 PUFA supplementation.