Integrated assessment of hospital and community disaster preparedness in Dodoma municipality, Tanzania: bridging gaps in awareness and resilience

Abstract

This study assesses disaster preparedness in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania, focusing on hospital resource availability and community awareness of disaster risks and emergency protocols. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2023 and May 2024, involving three hospitals and residents from three wards. Data were collected from 205 community members and 75 healthcare personnel through questionnaires, hospital inventories, interviews, and secondary data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation analysis, were applied to examine preparedness levels. The study identified floods, epidemics, fires, and road accidents as common hazards. Community awareness was moderate (Mean score = 17.8 ± 3.1 out of 25), with significant gaps in emergency protocols. Hospitals displayed moderate preparedness in basic infrastructure and supplies but lacked specialized equipment, critical drugs, and adequate staff training. A positive correlation (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) was found between community awareness and household preparedness, indicating that increased awareness led to better preparedness at the household level. This research uniquely integrates both hospital and community preparedness, providing a comprehensive view of disaster readiness in Dodoma. It fills a gap in the existing literature by linking community awareness with healthcare system capacity, offering critical insights for policymakers and healthcare providers. The findings are limited to Dodoma Municipality, suggesting the need for studies in other regions for broader applicability. The study underscores the necessity of targeted public education, healthcare infrastructure investments, and regular disaster drills to enhance preparedness.