Does a Customized 3D Printing Plate Based on Virtual Reduction Facilitate the Restoration of Original Anatomy in Fractures?

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the restoration of original anatomy after fixation of sawbone fractures using case-specific 3D printing plates based on virtual reduction (VR). Three-dimensional models of 28 tibia sawbones with cortical marking holes were obtained. The sawbones were fractured at various locations of the shaft and 3D models were obtained. The fractured models were reduced virtually and customized non-locking metal plates that fit the reduced model were produced via 3D printing. The fractured sawbones were actually fixed to the customized plate with nonlocking screws and 3D models were generated. With the proximal fragments of the 3D models overlapped, the changes in length, 3D angulation, and rotation of the distal fragment were evaluated. Compared to the intact model (IN), the virtual reduction model (VR) and the actual fixation model (AF) showed no significant differences in length. Compared to the IN, the VR and the AF had mean 3D angulations of 0.39◦ and 0.64◦, respectively. Compared to the IN model, the VR and the AF showed mean rotations of 0.89◦ and 1.51◦, respectively. A customized plate based on VR facilitates the restoration of near-original anatomy in fractures of tibial sawbone shaft.