Multitracer Cosmological Line Intensity Mapping Mock Light-cone Simulation

Abstract

Submillimeter emission lines are important tracers of the cold gas and ionized environments of galaxies and the targets for future line intensity mapping surveys. Physics-based simulations that predict multiple emission lines arising from different phases of the interstellar medium are crucial for constraining the global physical conditions of galaxies with upcoming line intensity mapping observations. In this work, we present a general framework for creating multitracer mock submillimeter line intensity maps based on physically grounded galaxy formation and submillimeter line emission models. We simulate a mock light cone of 2 deg 2 over a redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 10 comprising discrete galaxies and galaxy [C ii ], CO, and [C i ] emission. We present simulated line intensity maps for two fiducial surveys with resolution and observational frequency windows representative of COMAP and EXCLAIM. We show that the star formation rate and line emission scaling relations predicted by our simulation significantly differ at low halo masses from widely used empirical relations, which are often calibrated to observations of luminous galaxies at lower redshifts. We show that these differences lead to significant changes in key summary statistics used in intensity mapping, such as the one-point intensity probability density function and the power spectrum. It will be critical to use more realistic and complex models to forecast the ability of future line intensity mapping surveys to measure observables such as the cosmic star formation rate density.