Comparative and combinatorial study of biogenic bismuth nanoparticles with silver nanoparticles and doxycycline against multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus BTCB02 and salmonella typhi BTCB06

Abstract

Currently, the world is facing a tremendous challenge to treat the infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens. Thus, there is a dire need to find alternative ways to treat the diseases caused by the resistant pathogens. In this context the current study was aimed at synthesizing biogenic bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) in combination with biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and doxycycline hydrochloride against multidrug resistant pathogens. The MICs of BiNPs and biogenic AgNPs were 6 and 6 ig/L, respectively, against Salmonella typhi BTCB06, and 10 and 18 ig/L, respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus BTCB02. Whereas the combination of BiNPs and doxycycline resulted in MICs of 3 and 5 ig/L and the combination of BiNPs and AgNPs resulted in MICs of 8 and 9 ig/L against S. typhi and S. aureus, respectively. FICI value of BiNPs and Doxycycline combined was 0.75 against both S. typhi and S. aureus. However, the combination of AgNPs and BiNPs had FICI value of 1 against both the test strains. In conclusion, bismuth nanoparticles and doxycycline showed synergistic effect against both the pathogens, whereas BiNPs and AgNPs showed additive effects. Hence, biogenic BiNPs can be used as an excellent alternative alone or in combination to combat diseases cau sed by resistant pathogens.