Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant nasal carriage in food handlers in Lebanon: a potential source of transmission of virulent strains in the community

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the prevalence and virulence determinant genes of nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus among food handlers in Tripoli, Lebanon. Methodology. Within a cross-sectional study design, nasal swab specimens were collected. Epidemiological and microbio-logical investigations were performed through conventional culture and MALDI-TOF-MS. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and genetic virulence determinants including enterotoxin genes were also investigated for all isolates. Results. The data herein show that S. aureus nasal carriage is highly prevalent (23.8 %), and that the rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage was twice as high as in our last report in 2008. Several enterotoxin genes were detected in five isolates including one MRSA and four methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation in the last decade to examine the carriage prevalence of S. aureus among food handlers in Lebanon. This work reports a concerning level of MRSA, and enterotoxin-producing S. aureus nasal carriage, which could potentially act as a contamination reservoir and lead to food poisoning.