Preferensi ideologi dan perilaku politik pemilih pada Pilpres 2019: Asosiasi antara openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, dan otoritarianisme sayap kanan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara faktor kepribadian openness to experience, conscientiousness, dan agreeableness dengan otoritarianisme sayap kanan menggunakan Skala Big Five Inventory (BFI) dan Skala Very Short Authoritarianism (VSA). Penelitian ini juga berupaya mengetahui perbedaan kedua kelompok pemilih Pilpres 2019 ditinjau dari empat variabel tersebut. Partisipan penelitian adalah pemilih berusia 18 – 55 tahun dari 23 provinsi di Indonesia (N = 418). Peneliti melakukan analisis korelasi Spearman untuk menguji hubungan tiga faktor kepribadian dengan otoritarianisme sayap kanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor kepribadian yang paling berkorelasi dengan OSK adalah openness (r = -.166, p < .001), diikuti oleh agreeableness (r = .141, p = .004), dan conscientiousness (r = .136, p = .005). Selain itu, uji beda Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok pemilih Jokowi – Amin dan Prabowo – Sandi ditinjau dari faktor OSK (u = 13604, p = .030, Cohen’s d = -.227), tetapi tidak ada perbedaan jika ditinjau dari faktor kepribadian (u = 15546, p = .983, Cohen’s d = .012; u = 15436, p = .899, Cohen’s d = -.026; u = 15522, p = .965, Cohen’s d = -.044).  Hasil penelitian ini secara umum mengonfirmasi temuan-temuan sebelumnya sekaligus berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang hubungan kepribadian dengan ideologi dan perilaku politik. Pembahasan menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang menjelaskan temuan penelitian, keterbatasan penelitian, serta implikasi praktis untuk penelitian selanjutnya.   This study aims to see the relationship between openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness with right-wing authoritarianism using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Very Short Authoritarianism scale (VSA). This study also seeks to know the differences between two groups of voters for the 2019 presidential election in terms of those four variables. The study participants were voters aged 18 - 55 years from 23 provinces in Indonesia (N = 418). Author used Spearman's correlation analysis to examine the relationship between three personality factors and right-wing authoritarianism. The results showed the personality factors most correlated with RWA were openness (r = -.166, p < .001), followed by agreeableness (r = .141, p = .004), and conscientiousness conscientiousness (r = .136, p = .005). In addition, the Mann-Whitney test shows a significant difference between the Jokowi - Amin and Prabowo - Sandi voter groups in terms of RWA (u = 13604, p = .030, Cohen’s d = -.227), but no difference was found based on personality factors (uOp = 15546, p = .983, Cohen’s d = .012; uCo = 15436, p = .899, Cohen’s d = -.026; uAg = 15522, p = .965, Cohen’s d = -.044). These results generally confirm previous findings and at the same time contribute to a better understanding of personality’s relation to political ideology and behavior. Discussion showed several factors to explain the research findings, limitations of the current study, and practical implications for future studies.