Psychological problems related to visible differences in appearance: Developmental perspectives

Abstract

This article reviewed research from the developmental perspective on psychological problems associated with congenital Visible Differences in appearance, such as a cleft lip and/or palate, or a port wine stain. People with such congenital Visible Differences, often experience psychological problems from an early age. At each developmental stage, they report distinct psychological problems because of their Visible Difference such as negative self concept, and social difficulties such as teasing, difficulty obtaining a job, difficulty making friends. To prevent these various psycho-social problems, the needs for liaison support by psychologists, school teachers, medical doctors and nurses from their early age are discussed. Further research in this area is needed to understand their problems and construct support for each their developmental stage.