Migration of bisphenol A and its related compounds in canned seafood and dietary exposure estimation

Abstract

The present study sought to investigate the migration of target bisphenols, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-F (BPA), bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol-A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE H2O), bisphenol-A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE 2H2O), and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in 102 samples of several canned seafood, namely canned Antarctic krill, scallop, oysters, mussel, clam, and mantis shrimp stored for months at different temperatures through a high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence detector combined with a microwave-assisted extraction method. Except for BFDGE, the other five bisphenols were observed in most of the analyzed samples. The canned shrimp showed the highest migration of BPA (0.089 mg/kg), exceeding the specific migration limit (SML) of BPA (0.05 mg/kg) specified by the European Union, while the migration levels of BADGE and its derivatives were within their SMLs. The migration behavior of bisphenols in the canned seafood was majorly affected by the analytes, storage conditions, and food types. BPA, BADGE H2O, and BADGE 2H2O were characterized by a rapid migration during the first half of the shelf life, which increased with the increase of temperature, followed by a stabilization or decline of their concentrations for prolonged durations. Besides, the migration of target bisphenols was significantly influenced by the storage temperature in some seafood species. Notably, higher migration level of BPA was found in samples with higher fat content. The average dietary exposure of Chinese adults to BPA, BPF, BADGE 2H2O, BADGE H2O, and BADGE of canned seafood was estimated at 11.69, 1.21, 6.47, 8.74, and 4.71 ng/(kg d), respectively. The target hazard quotient values of all the analyzed bisphenols were below 1 for the Chinese adults, suggesting an insignificant exposure to these bisphenols through canned seafood consumption.