Intracranial arachnoid cyst.

Abstract

Arachnoid cysts (ACs) contain a liquid similar to cerebrospinal fluid. Some communicate with the subarachnoid space and others do not. These cysts are reported to account for at least 1% of all intracranial mass lesions. Most patients present during the first two decades of life; however, presentation during adulthood is not uncommon. A literature review to identify studies relating to pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetics, presentation, radiology and treatment of ACs was conducted and indicated that symptoms depend on size and location. When ACs are symptomatic, they must be treated surgically. Surgical treatment of ACs can be accomplished by cystoperitoneal shunting or fenestration of the cyst either by craniotomy or endoscopic techniques. Currently, appropriate treatment is still controversial regarding which is the best technique. Expectative treatment should be considered in lower volume cysts and, even more, in asymptomatic patients diagnosed by other studies.