Green remediation of heavy metal polluted water and soil using clay minerals: A review

Abstract

Among all natural minerals, the natural clay mineral has been widely used for environmental pollution treatment both in water and soil, especially heavy metal (HM) pollution in recent years. In this review, modified methods for clay minerals and their application for the remediation of HM contaminated water and soil are summarized. The remediation mechanisms of HMs in water and in soil by modified clay minerals were discussed. Moreover, the existing problems and development of clay minerals are also discussed.