Recent development of carbon-based electrode for vanadium redox flow battery

Abstract

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) can employ various carbon materials as electrodes. A carbon electrode must meet a number of requirements when RFBs are constructed. This short review focuses on carbon electrodes with desirable electrode materials for RFBs. They have attributes for active species that assist the construction of stable RFBs for long-term use, realize much higher energy densities, employ a wide range of active chemical redox materials, and achieve a total cost reduction for each of the different types and differently modified carbon electrodes. Here, we summarize recent approaches employed in the search for carbon materials and the development of methods for modifying carbon surfaces for RFBs.