Simultaneous observation of water and class i methanol masers toward class II methanol maser sources

Abstract

We present a simultaneous single-dish survey of 22 GHz water masers and 44 and 95 GHz class I methanol masers toward 77 6.7 GHz class II methanol maser sources, which were selected from the Arecibo methanol maser Galactic plane survey catalog. Water maser emission is detected in 39 (51%) sources, 15 of which are new detections. Methanol maser emission at 44 and 95 GHz is found in 25 (32%) and 19 (25%) sources, 21 and 13 of which, respectively, are newly detected. We find four high-velocity (>30 km s-1) water maser sources, including three dominant blue- or redshifted outflows. The 95 GHz masers always appear with 44 GHz maser emission. They are strongly correlated with 44 GHz masers in velocity, flux density, and luminosity, yet they are not correlated with either water or 6.7 GHz class II methanol masers. The average peak flux density ratio of 95 GHz masers to 44 GHz masers is close to unity, which is two times higher than previous estimates. The flux densities of class I methanol masers are more closely correlated with the associated Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey core mass than those of water masers or class II methanol masers. Using the large velocity gradient model and assuming unsaturated class I methanol maser emission, we derive the fractional abundance of methanol to be in the range 4.2 × 10-8-2.3 × 10-6, with a median value of 3.3 ± 2.7 × 10-7.