Agonists trigger G protein-mediated activation of the CPI-17 inhibitor phosphoprotein of myosin light chain phosphatase to enhance vascular smooth muscle contractility

Abstract

Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) plays a pivotal role in smooth muscle contraction by regulating Ca2+ sensitivity of myosin light chain phosphorylation. A smooth muscle phosphoprotein called CPI-17 specifically and potently inhibits MLCP in vitro and in situ and is activated when phosphorylated at Thr-38, which increases its inhibitory potency 1000-fold. We produced a phosphospecific antibody for this site in CPI-17 and used it to study in situ phosphorylation of endogenous CPI-17 in arterial smooth muscle in response to agonist stimulation. In the intact femoral artery, CPI-17 phosphorylation was negligible at the resting state and was not increased during contraction induced by K+ depolarization. The Ca2+-sensitizing agonists histamine and phenylephrine induced nearly equivalent contractions, but histamine generated significantly higher levels of CPI-17 phosphorylation. In α-toxin-permeabilized strips at pCa 6.7, contractile force and CPI-17 phosphorylation were proportional in response to histamine, guanosine 5'-O-(γ-thiotriphosphate), and histamine plus guanyl-5'-yl thiophosphate, implying that histamine increased CPI-17 phosphorylation through activation of G proteins. Inhibitors of Rho-kinase (Y27632) and protein kinase C (PKC; GF109203X) reduced contraction and CPI-17 phosphorylation in parallel, suggesting that CPI-17 functions downstream of Rho kinases and PKC. The results show that agonists such as histamine signal through phosphorylation of CPI-17 to produce Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle contraction.