KAJIAN PENAWARAN KELAPA UNTUK MEMENUHI PERMINTAAN INDUSTRI MINYAK KELAPA DAN INDUSTRI MAKANAN-MINUMAN (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian dengan kajian penawaran kelapa untuk memenuhi permintaan industri minyak kelapa dan industri makanan dan minuman telah dilakukan di Desa Sei Ara, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau sejak Februari 2005 sampai dengan Juli 2006. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan terhadap 90 orang petani kelapa.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat keterkaitan dan elastisitas penawaran kelapa dalam memenuhi permintaan industri minyak kelapa, industri makanan-minuman, industri kosmetik dan rumah tangga. Model ekonometrika yang dibangun dalam studi empiris ini telah mampu menjelaskan perilaku penawaran kelapa dan permintaan kelapa untuk industri minyak kelapa, industri makanan-minuman, industri kosmetik dan permintaan rumah tangga. Perilaku perkembangan areal kelapa pada ke-tiga perkebunan (Rakyat, BUMN dan Swasta Besar) menunjukkan respon yang elastis terhadap harga kompetitornya. Respon produktivitas kelapa menunjuk- kan sangat tidak elastis terhadap harga komoditasnya, termasuk kompetitor- nya, serta harga pasar ekspor. Namun demikian peubah-peubah harga cukup signifikan untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap respon produktivitas kelapa. Permintaan kelapa untuk industri minyak kelapa, industri makanan, industri kosmetik dan rumah tangga sangat respon terhadap perubahan harga komoditas kelapa dan harga substitusi minyak sawit. Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera L., ekonometrika, minyak kelapa, penawaran, harga, Riau ABSTRACT Study of coconut supply for some industries including coconut oil, food and beverage industry The study of coconut supply for some industries including coconut oil, food and beverages industry was conducted from February 2005 to July 2005 in Sei Ara Village, Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province. The primary data were collected through the interviews of 90 coconut farmers.The objective of the research was to find out the linkage and coconut supply elasticity in demand for some industry coconut oil, food and beverage industry, cosmetic and household. The result research through economic analysis of 10 structural equations and 7 identity equations were shown.  Econometrics model that was established in the empiric study enable to give explanation on coconut supply and demand pattern for some industries such as coconut oil, food and-beverage industry, cosmetics and household demand. Development pattern for coconut area on the three plantations (public, BUMN and private) shows elastic responds on their competitor's price. Coconut productivity response shows very inelastic on the price, including the competitor and export market price. Nevertheless, variables of price sufficient enough to use as indicator of the effect on coconut productivity respond. Coconut supply for some industries including coconut oil, food-and beverages industry, cosmetics and household industries show high respond on the exchange of coconut price and indirect substitution price (oil palm). Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., econometric, coconut oil, supply, price, Riau