A Novel Variant of Lysosomal Acid Lipase (Leu336→Pro) Associated with Acid Lipase Deficiency and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease

Abstract

Cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD) is associated with premature atherosclerosis, hepatomegaly, elevated LDL cholesterol levels, and in most cases, low HDL cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown a G→A mutation at the 3→ splice junction of exon 8 (E8SJM) of the gene encoding lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in two kindreds with CESD. In a Canadian-Norwegian kindred with this disease, we show this mutation in conjunction with an as yet unknown T→C transition in exon 10 predicting a Leu336→Pro (L336P) replacement and an A→C transversion in exon 2 predicting a T-6P replacement in the prepeptide. Identification of the L336P rather than the T-6P replacement as the second defect underlying CESD in our patient is deduced from three lines of evidence. First, the E8SJM allele is located in cis with the mutation predicting the T-6P-encoding allele but in trans with the L336P-encoding allele; second, the L336P but not the T-6P replacement cosegregates with low LAL activity in the family; third, the T-6P replacement was found in 6 of 28 alleles from subjects with normal lysosomal acid lipase activity, suggesting that this variant represents a frequent nonfunctional polymorphism. Since the residual LAL activity is higher and the clinical phenotype based on plasma lipid values and severity of hepatosplenomegaly is milder in this case than in a previously studied case who was homozygous for the E8SJM allele, we conclude that the L336P variant appears to be associated with a phenotypically mild form of CESD.