The advances and new technologies for the study of mitochondrial diseases

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Abstract

ABSTRACTGenetic mitochondrial disorders are responsible for the most common inborn errors of metabolism, caused by mutations in either nuclear genes or in mitochondrial DNA. This article presents the prokaryotic origin of the organelle and the relation between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, as well as current evolutionary models for such mechanisms. It also addresses the structure of mitochondrial genes, their expression pattern, clinical features of gene defects, risk of transmission and current techniques to avoid these events in assisted human reproduction. Finally, it discusses the ethical implications of these possibilities.RESUMOAs doenças genéticas mitocondriais são responsáveis pelos erros inatos do metabolismo mais comuns, causados por mutações tanto em genes nucleares como no DNA mitocondrial. Este artigo apresenta a origem procariótica dessa organela, e a relação entre os genomas nuclear e mitocondrial, bem como modelos evolutivos correntes para esses mecanismos. Também trata da estrutura dos genes mitocondriais, seu padrão de expressão, características clínicas de defeitos genéticos, riscos de transmissão e técnicas atualmente utilizadas para evitar esses eventos em reprodução humana assistida. Finalmente, discute as implicações éticas dessas possibilidades.

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APA

Bianco, B., & Montagna, E. (2016). The advances and new technologies for the study of mitochondrial diseases. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 14(2), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082016MD3561

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