Developing a Culturally Appropriate Tool to Support Self-Care in Migrants with Type 2 Diabetes – A Co-Design Study

Abstract

Introduction: Migrants, especially from the Middle East, experience poorer health outcomes and face greater difficulties in accessing healthcare compared to native populations and there is a need for culturally appropriate education for this vulnerable group. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of developing a culturally appropriate tool to support self-care in migrants with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this Co-design study, a tool for supporting self-care in migrants with type 2 diabetes was developed. Migrant patients with type 2 diabetes, healthcare providers and researchers participated in the process, which was based on six elements; engage, plan, explore, develop, decide and change. From February 2021 to December 2022, idea groups were conducted, and a tool was developed through brainstorming, prioritizing and prototyping. Results: In total, 14 migrant patients, ten health care providers and four researchers participated in the Co-design process. The patients wished to receive information about type 2 diabetes self-care behaviour in their own languages. The healthcare providers asked for clear instructions on where to guide their patients regarding reliable information about diabetes in the patient’s own language. All participants agreed that information can be presented in different formats, either: text (paper or online), audio-visual via recorded videos and/or lectures and pictures. Discussion: The Co-design process led to several important insights and experiences related to the importance of diverse cultural backgrounds. When conducting a Co-design study with end-users as stakeholders, it is significant that the stakeholders have a diverse background in experiences, both as patients as well as those who deliver or implement the health service. In this study it was of great importance to include patients with diverse backgrounds regarding; gender, age, health literacy, occupation, years living in Sweden and duration of diabetes.