Testosterone inhibits the prostaglandin F2α-mediated increase in intracellular calcium in A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells: Evidence of an antagonistic action upon store-operated calcium channels

Abstract

Testosterone-induced vasodilatation is proposed to contribute to the beneficial effects associated with testosterone replacement therapy in men with cardiovascular disease, and is postulated to occur via either direct calcium channel blockade, or through potassium channel activation via increased production of cyclic nucleotides. We utilised flow cytometry to investigate whether testosterone inhibits the increase in cellular fluorescence induced by prostaglandin F2α in A7r5 smooth muscle cells loaded with the calcium fluorescent probe indo-1-AM, and to study the cellular mechanisms involved. Two-minute incubation with testosterone (1 μM) significantly inhibited the change in cellular fluorescence in response to prostaglandin F2α (10 μM) (3.6 ± 0.6 vs 7.6 ± 1.0 arbitrary units, P=0.001). The change in cellular fluorescence in response to prostaglandin F2α (10 μM) was also significantly attenuated in the absence of extracellular calcium (3.6 ± 0.3 vs 15.6 ± 0.7 arbitrary units, P=0.0000002), and by a 2-min incubation with the store-operated calcium channel blocker SK&F 96365 (50 μM) (4.7 ± 0.8 vs 8.1 ± 0.4 arbitrary units, P=0.003). The response was insensitive to similar incubation with the voltage-operated calcium channel blockers verapamil (10 μM) (12.6 ± 1.2 vs 11.9 ± 0.2 arbitrary units, P=0.7) or nifedipine (10 μM) (13.9 ± 1.3 vs 13.3 ± 0.5 arbitrary units, P=0.7). Forskolin (1 μM) and sodium nitroprusside (100 μM) significantly increased the cellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate respectively, but testosterone (100 nM-100 μM) had no effect. These data indicate that the increase in intracellular calcium in response to prostaglandin F2α occurs primarily via extracellular calcium entry through store-operated calcium channels. Testosterone inhibits the response, suggesting an antagonistic action upon these channels.