Analysis of environmental risk factors and treatment efforts malaria import patients in puskesmas in the work area of district health center of Segeri, Pangkep regency 2019

Abstract

Malaria is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito bites. Plasmodium carried by mosquito bites will live and multiply in human red blood cells. This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental risk factors and treatment efforts in patients with Imported Malaria in the work area of the District Health Center of Segeri, Pangkep Regency. This type of research is observational analytic using a case-control design. The sampling technique for case groups is exhaustive sampling. Control group sampling is adjusted based on the number of sample cases as many as 40 cases with a ratio of 1:1 with a total of 80 respondents. Data analysis was performed univariate, bivariate (Chi-square yielded Odds Ratio (OR), and multivariate (logistic regression). The results of the bivariate analysis showed an association between malaria sufferers in the migration area (p=0.017; OR=3.273), nighttime habits (p=0.025; OR= 2,786), wearing closed clothes (p=0.044; OR=2.500), using mosquito nets at night (p=0.043; OR=2.538), history of suffering from malaria (p=0.029; OR=9.750), knowledge about the causes of malaria (p=0.012; OR=6.333), knowledge about malaria transmission (p=0.027; OR=2.143), knowledge about the clinical symptoms of malara (p=0.029; OR=9.750), knowledge about the type of malaria treatment (p=0.025; OR=3.857), knowledge about malaria prevention (p=0.025; OR=3.857), and have attended/heard of malaria counseling (p=0.027; OR=2.143) with imported malaria. Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant factor associated with imported malaria was the use of mosquito nets in the migration area (Wald = 6.604; Exp. (B) = 5.239; 95% CI 1.481-18.526). The solution provided is the need to increase awareness of protecting the environment specifically with the use of mosquito nets in the migration area, increasing knowledge of malaria and prevention by counseling and awareness to take chemoprophylaxis for people who want to migrate.