A 6.1-nA Fully Integrated CMOS Supply Modulated OOK Transmitter in 55-nm DDC CMOS for Glasses-Free, Self-Powered, and Fuel-Cell-Embedded Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lens

Abstract

This brief presents the lowest-current fully integrated sub-mm3 OOK transmitter, the transmission of which is modulated by its supply voltage. By combining the transmitter with a glucose fuel cell that functions as both the power source and sensing transducer, a self-powered continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) contact lens can be emerged. The prototype in 55-nm deeply depleted channel CMOS with on-chip inductor and antenna requires an average current of 6.1 nA under 0.32-V supply without any external signal, which demonstrates the potential for self-powered operation.