Fluid-Structure Numerical Study of an In-Pipe Axial Turbine with Circular Blades

Abstract

Hydraulic turbines have become indispensable for harnessing renewable energy sources, particularly in-pipe hydraulic turbine technology, which leverages excess energy within pipeline systems like drinking water distribution pipes to produce electrical power. Among these turbines, the propeller-type axial turbine with circular blades stands out for its efficiency. However, there is a notable lack of literature on fluid dynamics and structural behavior under various operational conditions. This study introduces a comprehensive methodology to numerically investigate the hydraulic and structural responses of turbines designed for in-pipe installation. The methodology encompasses the design of circular blades, followed by parametric studies on fluid dynamics and structural analysis. The circular blade’s performance was evaluated across different materials, incorporating static, modal, and harmonic response analyses. Results showed that the circular blade achieved a peak hydraulic efficiency of 75.5% at a flow rate of 10 l/s, generating 1.86 m of head pressure drop and 138 W of mechanical power. Structurally, it demonstrated a safety factor exceeding 1 across the entire hydraulic range without encountering resonance or fatigue issues. This research and its methodology significantly contribute to advancing the understanding of designing and assessing the fluid dynamic behavior and structural integrity of circular blades in axial propeller-type turbines for in-pipe installations, serving as a valuable resource for future studies in similar domains.