Ionic association analysis of LiTDI, LiFSI and LiPF 6 in EC/DMC for better Li-ion battery performances

Abstract

New lithium salts such as lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole-1-ide (LiTDI) are now challenging lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), the most used electrolyte salt in commercial Li-ion batteries. Thus it is now important to establish a comparison of these electrolyte components in a standard solvent mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC: 50/50 wt%). With this aim, transport properties, such as the ionic conductivity, viscosity and 7 Li self-diffusion coefficient have been deeply investigated. Moreover, as these properties are directly linked to the nature of the interionic interactions and ion solvation, a better understanding of the structural properties of electrolytes can be obtained. The Li salt concentration has been varied over the range of 0.1 mol L −1 to 2 mol L −1 at 25 °C and the working temperature from 20 °C to 80 °C at the fixed concentration of 1 mol L −1 . Experimental results were used to investigate the temperature dependence of the salt ion-pair (IP) dissociation coefficient (α D ) with the help of the Walden rule and the Nernst-Einstein equation. The lithium cation effective solute radius (r Li ) has been determined using the Jones-Dole-Kaminsky equation coupled to the Einstein relation for the viscosity of hard spheres in solution and the Stokes-Einstein equation. From the variations of α D and r Li with the temperature, it is inferred that in EC/DMC LiFSI forms solvent-shared ion-pairs (SIP) and that, LiTDI and LiPF 6 are likely to form solvent separated ion-pairs (S 2 IP) or a mixture of SIP and S 2 IP. From the temperature dependence of α D , thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy for the ion-pair formation are obtained. Besides being in agreement with the information provided by the variations of α D and r Li , it is concluded that the ion-pair formation process is exergonic and endothermic for the three salts in EC/DMC.