Typology of Rainfed Rice Farmers' Social Actions in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province

Abstract

Traditional farming communities are synonymous with subsistence culture, whereas modern society is a commercial economy. Economic action in sociology is called social action, which has different motives and orientations depending on the actor concerned. This research aims to analyze the socio-economic actions of farming communities in Kalampadu Village, Muara Kuang Sub-district, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. This research uses a qualitative method. Informants in this research are rainfed rice farmers and stakeholders in Kalampadu Village and collect data using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that farmer actors in the village of Kalampadu carried out a dualism of economic action, both subsistence economics and commercial economics. Weber’s social action is not practiced partially. Some of these concepts of social action can be used simultaneously or separately. There are three models of social action in the socio-economic behavior of farmers, namely traditional social action (subsistence economy), traditional social action of rational instrumental integration (secondary subsistence economy), and rational social action (commercial economy).Masyarakat pertanian tradisional identik dengan budaya subsistensi, sedangkan masyarakat modern dikenal dengan ekonomi komersial. Tindakan ekonomi dalam sosiologi disebut tindakan sosial, yang memiliki motif dan orientasi yang berbeda tergantung pada aktor yang bersangkutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindakan sosial ekonomi masyarakat petani di Desa Kalampadu, Kecamatan Muara Kuang, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah petani padi sawah tadah hujan dan pemangku kepentingan di Desa Kalampadu dan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktor petani di Desa Kalampadu melakukan dualisme tindakan ekonomi, baik ekonomi subsistensi maupun ekonomi komersial. Tindakan sosial Weber tidak mutlak dilakukan secara parsial. Beberapa dari konsep tindakan sosial ini dapat digunakan secara bersamaan atau terpisah. Ada tiga model tindakan sosial dalam perilaku sosial ekonomi petani, yaitu tindakan sosial tradisional (ekonomi subsistensi), tindakan sosial tradisional integrasi rasional instrumental (ekonomi subsistensi sekunder), dan tindakan sosial rasional (ekonomi komersial).