Emotional Responses of Hospital Staff to the DASS-21 Survey During Mass COVID-19 Testing After the Relaxation of Prevention and Control Measures in Zhejiang, China, and Their Change Trajectory

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the emotional response of hospital staff to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) over the COVID-19 pandemic and after the relaxation of prevention and control measures in Zhejiang Province, China, and identify influencing factors. Design: Multicenter online cross-sectional design. Methods: From January 10, 2023, to January 20, 2023, 1054 hospital employees in Zhejiang, China, were recruited using WeChat. Data was gathered via online, self-administered surveys. T-tests and one-way analyses of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analyses were used to examine the data. Results: More than 90% of hospital employees were infected with COVID-19. Through regression analysis, the following variables were found to be independent predictors of emotional response to DASS-21: resilience (−13.346, P < 0.0001), sleep (14.689, P < 0.0001), friend support (−4.278, P < 0.0001), education level (2.699, P = 0.007), and marriage (−2.214, P = 0.027). The emotional responses were not as severe as predicted, but they were still well above the Chinese norm. A longitudinal comparison of DASS-21 emotional responses with similar studies showed a parabolic downward trend over time. Conclusion: Our results identified education level, marriage, friend support, resilience, and sleep as independent predictors of emotional responses to the DASS-21 among hospital workers in this outbreak. Improving the mental resilience and sleep status of staff is a key target. Unmarried medical personnel with higher education should be given greater attention and support by management. In addition, there is still room for further improvement in the government and societal responses to similar outbreaks. The study also found a parabolic downward trend in DASS-21 emotional responses among hospital workers during the COVID-19 outbreak over time.