Sex determination in bees. II. Additivity of maleness genes in Apis mellifera.

Abstract

Twenty-two randomly taken morphological characters were used in order to estimate the Mahalanobis generalized distance between diploid males, diploid workers, haploid males and triploid workers. It was found that adult diploid males are metamales and triploid females are slightly masculinized. These facts indicate that the maleness genesare slightly additive.