Increasing trend of penile cancer cases in Bali compared to other regions in Indonesia

Abstract

Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer in developed countries and found high in the developing country. This study aims to compare penile cancer cases in Bali and other regions in Indonesia. A 10 years review cases from cancer registry of Pathologic Anatomy Indonesia were done from 2004 to 2013. Penile cancer cases were found highest in Bali compared to other regions in Indonesia. This cancer showed an increase in number from the year of 2004 and reached its peak in 2013. Penile cancer is the most common cancer found in Balinese male population from the latest cancer registry in 2013. Risk factors associated with penile cancer are phimosis, lichen sclerosis, HPV infection, and history of wart or condyloma, lack of circumcision, multiple sex partners, and early sexual activity. Lack of circumcision is an important risk factor found in Bali. Penile cancer shows an improvement during the last 10 years and provides a new insight on the cancer issues in Bali. A preventive efforts such as improving hygiene factors on male reproductive organs, do circumcision, save sex practice and new recommendations for a routine male HPV vaccination may further reduce penile cancer cases.