Influência da prematuridade e do baixo peso ao nascimento sobre a função pulmonar na idade escolar: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate through a literature review, the influence of prematurity and low birth weight on lung function at school age. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative review study. We used the databases Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo, selected observational studies or clinical trials published in English or Portuguese, which aimed to evaluate pulmonary function (spirometry) at school age of preterm with low birth weight compared to children born on term with normal weight. The keywords and boolean operators used were: Infant, Extremely Premature AND Respiratory Function Tests Forced Expiratory Volume in OR 1 OR second FVC Forced Vital Capacity OR OR 25 75 percent, FeF OR Forced expiratory flow mid-OR FEV1 Forced Expiratory volume AND OR Very low birth weight. Results: From a total of 1032 articles found, 15 were selected for final inclusion in this study. Most studies (33.3%) were performed in Australia, and none was found in the Brazilian population. The sample size of the studies ranged from 27 to 2150 individuals for each group studied. The gestational age and the low birth weight in the premature group were classified as less than 37 weeks and 53.3% rated newborns as very low weight. The age of the scholars during the evaluation of lung function ranged from 5 to 14 years, with the majority (80.0%) presenting reduced lung function in the premature with low weight children, while 3 (20%) of the publications indicated normal spirometric values. Conclusion: The results show that prematurity and low birth weight appears to adversely impact lung function of children at school age. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]