Comparison of dual antiplatelet therapy versus oral anticoagulation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A retrospective single-center registry analysis

Abstract

Background: The choice of optimal antithrombotic regimen after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains a matter of debate. The objective of this study was to compare both efficacy and safety outcomes based on the type of antithrombotic therapy prescribed after TAVR Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 514 consecutive patients treated with either dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (n = 315; 61.3%) or oral anticoagulation (OAC) plus clopidogrel (n = 199; 38.7%) for a minimum of 3 months after TAVR followed by antiplatelet monotherapy or OAC only, respectively. Patients had pre-defined clinical and echocardiographic follow-ups at 30 days, 6 and 12 months. The key efficacy endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke and valve thrombosis at 1 year. The key safety endpoint was the occurrence of life-threatening/major bleeding at 1 year. Results: Baseline characteristics did not differ between both groups, except for a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the OAC group. No significant differences in both efficacy and safety endpoints were observed at 30 days and 6 months. At 1 year, the key efficacy endpoint occurred in 21.5% of the DAPT group compared to 19.7% of the OAC group (p = 0.61). The key safety endpoint occurred in 25.1% and 27.8%, respectively (p = 0.53). However, after 1 year valve thrombosis was reported in 8 (2.5%) patients in the DAPT group but not in the OAC group (p = 0.02). Conclusions: OAC after TAVR seems to reduce the risk of clinical valve thrombosis without a statistically significant increase in bleeding complications.