Estandardização de dietas hospitalares: diagnóstico e subsídio para a qualidade da atenção

Abstract

Standardization directly affects the estimated chemical composition of hospital diets and their acceptance. Consequently, patient's or client's food consumption and fulfillment of their nutritional needs are influenced by this process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the standardization of the production process of diets offered to patients/clients at a public hospital in Belo Horizonte/MG between the years 2010 to 2012. For this purpose, the direct weighing of six types of hospital diets that were prepared was made and the menu types and frequencies were characterized. The macronutrient content and micronutrient content (calcium, iron, sodium, zinc, magnesium, potassium and vitamins A and C) were then calculated. A high repetition rate was observed regarding the combinations of menu preparations implemented, especially in relation to diets for special purposes. There were large disparities in the quantitative measurements and nutritional value of the preparations, in all the diets analyzed, and many of these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).High coefficients of variation regarding portioning (8-30%), macronutrient content (23-115%) and micronutrient content (24-498%) were observed in the six types of diet. Therefore, the results highlighted significant weaknesses in planning menus, the food portions, and hence the nutritional support to their patients/clients by setting up as a non-standard process. The need for progress with a more humanized initiatives view of this service (individualization of care, nutritional and sensory improvement of menus; organization of the service, and lifelong learning) was highlighted, as the application of gastronomic techniques in planning menus, as well as a continuing education program for the staff of this service, the respective portioning.