Response of green synthesized drug blended silver nanoparticles against periodontal disease triggering pathogenic microbiota

Abstract

Objective: Evidences for microorganisms to predominate periodontal disease, alteration of human pathogen shifted microbiota by Erythrina fusca, and antimicrobial response potentiation by ecofriendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) intended present study to perform green synthesis of AgNPs and evaluate against periodontal disease triggering pathogenic microbiota. Material and Methods: Present study involved green synthesis of AgNPs using Erythrina fusca leaves aqueous extract (EFLAE), followed by optimization, characterization, stability, and evaluation of antimicrobial potential of biosynthetic AgNPs against periodontitis causing pathogenic human microflora (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus). Results: The AgNPs green synthesis success was based on brown coloration and surface plasmon resonance signal at 433 nm. UV-Visible spectrometry driven optimization determined 5 mM AgNO3 concentration, 1:9 EFLAE and AgNO3 volumetric ratio, pH 7, 60°C temperature, and 2 hours’ time as parametric requirements for AgNPs biosynthesis. Stability studies revealed signal appearance between 415 and 424 nm supporting AgNPs stability. Characterization studies recognized shifted and broadened Fourier transformed infrared bands of AgNPs revealing silver capping by biochemical moieties of EFLAE; AgNPs size below 32 nm in field emission scanning electron microscopic micrograph; X-ray diffraction signals at 38.95, 44.97, 64.92, and 78.97 representing 111, 200, 220, and 311 AgNPs silver cubic structure planes; and elemental silver 83.66%, carbon 11.87%, and oxygen 4.47% in energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum. Optimized and characterized biogenic AgNPs, when evaluated against periodontal disease-causing pathogenic microflora using well diffusion method, exhibited maximum inhibitory zone (in mm) against Bacillus cereus (13 and 18), followed by P. aeruginosa (11 and 19), E. coli (10 and 18), and S. pyogenes (9 and 15) in 50 and 100 µg/ml administered dose. Conclusion: Present study concludes that biogenic AgNPs synthesized using EFLAE possess high inhibition potential against periodontitis triggering pathogens (E. coli, B. cereus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa) of microbiota, and recommends EFLAE as potential source for AgNPs green synthesis.