Comparison of the serum immunoglobulin IgM level in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the serum IgM level in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients were selected for the study and divided into four groups, diabetic with periodontitis, diabetic without periodontitis, nondiabetic with periodontitis and nondiabetic without periodontitis (control) were analyzed for the quantitative estimation of serum immunoglobulins M by turbidimetric immunoassay. The serum of the diabetic and nondiabetic patients was evaluated and turbidimetric method was used for immunological assay by using Quantia IgM turbidimetric immunoassay for estimation of immunoglobulin IgM in human serum. The data for the level of immunoglobulin thus obtained were compared with clinically healthy patient taken as control. Sugar level was estimated the by checking the random blood sugar level by glucose test kit based on end point and kinetic assay and compared with the HbA1c percentage of the patients, by using NycoCard Reader. Result: The group A patients having diabetes with periodontitis showed nonsignificant increase in serum IgM level as compared to controls and other groups. Group B showed significance of p = 0.074. Group C showed significance of p = 0.982 and group D showed significance of p = 0.520. There was significant increase in HbA1c with an increase percentage serum IgM. Conclusion: In the present study, significantly high concentrations of the IgM in serum of diabetic and nondiabetic patients were found as compared to the healthy subjects who had neither diabetes nor periodontitis. Clinical significance: By this study, we can emphasize on the fact of the importance of the immune system and its correlation with glycemic control, especially in patients diagnosed with periodontitis, also suggests that the alteration in immune response in poorly controlled diabetic patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is the cause of increased incidence of periodontitis in patients with diabetes.