The validity and reliability of the Turkish brief version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory for adolescents

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) developed by Zimbardo and Boyd with a sample of subjects in late adolescence (aged between 17 and 24 years). Method: In order to determine how well the identified model of the shortened version of the ZTPI (five subscales with 15 items) fits the Turkish adaptation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to understand the factor structure of ZTPI. Results: The results of the initial CFA suggested that the original factor structure of the ZPTI shortened version with 15 items fit the data for adolescents' ratings of time perspective on the measures. The EFA revealed a five-factor structure for ZPTI with a shortened scale. CFA using competing models strategy also supported the five-factor structure. Convergent validity study yielded moderate correlations with other mental health indicators. Conclusion: The findings of the current study provided a good starting point for further ZTPI developments in Turkish culture. It is proposed that a proper balance between past, present, and future are now considered preconditions for success, mental health, and personal happiness. Considering the findings of the current study, time perspective may be useful for evaluating the personality concerns and well-being of clients in counseling and therapy.