Influence and Application of Geosynthetics as a Sustainable Alternative for Soil and Pavement Reinforcement: A Review

Abstract

In recent years, climate change has manifested itself through increased rainfall, storm surges, floods, among others. Climate change is manifested in increased rainfall, storm surges and flooding, generating problems of soil erosion and landslides. These factors reduce the bearing capacity, weakening the soil, which generates significant settlements and a decrease in cohesion, increasing the risk of structural failures. In addition, certain physical properties of the soil, such as granulometry and classification, influence its behavior, with those composed of clays or low-density soils, which are susceptible to collapse, being more detrimental. Human activities, such as excessive deforestation, land use change and overgrazing, aggravate this degradation. Lime and cement are commonly used to stabilize the ground; however, these techniques increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, aggravating the environmental impact. This is why this research has shown that geosynthetics are a viable and effective solution in the field of civil engineering, especially in the face of the challenges of climate change. These materials stand out for their properties of resistance, permeability and durability in applications such as foundations, reinforced soils, pavements and protective barriers. Research shows that geotextiles, particularly those made from natural fibers, offer environmental benefits due to their biodegradability. They promote greener construction practices by improving the efficiency and durability of structures while mitigating environmental impact. The properties and applications of geotextiles are analyzed, evaluating their performance as a sustainable and effective alternative to meet the challenges of climate change in construction. Geotextiles, made with polymers, natural fibers or a combination of both, reinforce soil and pavements, allow filtration, separate materials and facilitate drainage. They are useful in column linings, pavement reinforcement, slope and bank erosion control, retaining walls and hydraulic spillways. Environmental benefits include reduced consumption of traditional materials, a lower carbon footprint and soil protection, consolidating geotextiles as a key tool for sustainable construction and mitigating the effects of climate change on the construction industry.