Increasing anthraquinone compounds on callus leaf Morinda citrifolia (L.) by elicitation method using chitosan shell of shrimps (Penaeus monodon)

Abstract

Elicitation is one method to increase the content of secondary metabolite compounds in plant tissues. Anthraquinone is one of the secondary metabolite compounds that have potential of being a medicinal agent and produced by plants. The purpose of this research is to increase anthraquinone content in Morinda citrifolia (L.) leaf callus using elicitation method with chitosan from shrimp shell extract (Penaeus monodon) as elicitors. M.citrifolia (L.) callus was obtained from young leaf explants grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.4-D addition of 1.75 mg / L and Kinetin 1.5 mg / L aseptically. The second subculture of callus is elicited by elicitor of chitosan each of 0.5 ml. The concentration of elicitor used was 0, 0.5,1,1.5,2 and 2.5 mg / ml. Harvesting of elicitation result done on day 0, 2, 4 and day 8 after elicitation. The results showed that callus containing anthraquinone could be induced in MS medium with addition of 2,4-D 1.75 and Kinetin 1.5 mg / L. and addition of chitosan at some concentrations may increase anthraquinone. The highest anthraquinone content was produced at concentration 2 mg / ml and 4 days harvest time.