Cadmium bioaccumulates after acute exposure but has no effect on locomotion or shelter-seeking behaviour in the invasive green shore crab (Carcinus maenas)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd2+) is a non-essential metal ubiquitous in the environment due to industrial processes. However, little is known regarding the ability of Cd2+ to impact the behaviour of aquatic animals in receiving environments. Green shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) were exposed to waterborne Cd2+ [control (no Cd2+), low (0.30 μmol/L), medium (3.3 μmol/L) and high (63 μmol/L)], for 24 h, then, crabs were placed in an open field and shelter test to determine potential changes in locomotion and preference for shelter. Tissues (gill, haemolymph, stomatogastric ganglion) were taken for bioaccumulation analysis of Cd2+ and ion content. Behavioural testing was recorded with a motion-tracking software system and showed no impact of Cd2+ on any variable in either of the tests used. All three tissues accumulated Cd2+ in a concentration-dependent manner. Crabs exposed to low Cd2+ showed a small but significant decrease in haemolymph Ca2+, however, this effect was not present at higher Cd2+ exposures. Overall, the results indicate that short-term Cd2+ exposure, and the resulting Cd2+ accumulation, had no effect on locomotor and anxiety-related behaviour of green shore crabs.