Exploring Physician Attitudes Regarding Electronic Documentation of E-cigarette Use: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND In this article, we present qualitative work designed to explore physicians' attitudes toward and knowledge of electronic cigarettes (or Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems-ENDS), particularly focusing on personal attitudes held by physicians regarding ENDS use, physician beliefs regarding the relative safety of ENDS, attitudes regarding the efficacy of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool, and how physicians' document ENDS use in the electronic health record (EHR). METHODS We completed a total of 17 semistructured qualitative interviews with physicians in 4 different outpatient clinic locations. Clinics were selected with the goal of reaching patient panels across a diversity of socioeconomic and local geographic locations. RESULTS The findings from our qualitative analysis suggest that physicians feel uninformed about the long-term health risks of ENDS and believe that they lack the critical medical knowledge required for discussing ENDS with their patients who smoke. Although physician responses did not endorse the view that ENDS use is a safer alternative to combustible tobacco use, approximately one-third of our physician sample did not hold strong objections to ENDS usage. Physicians placed varying degrees of importance on the issue of ENDS documentation practices. DISCUSSION Three overarching themes were revealed from our analysis. These themes included (1) physicians' attitudes regarding the use of ENDS for smoking cessation, (2) physicians' guidance and advisement to patients in the use of ENDS for smoking cessation, and (3) current practices of clinical documentation of ENDS use in an EHR. Our qualitative results indicate that physicians in our study rarely screen patients for ENDS use, even for those patients who are both documented smokers and recipients of physician-led tobacco cessation counseling. However, most physicians agreed that the prospect of creating a structured data field specifically for the documentation of ENDS use within the EHR would result in the likelihood of increased screening and documentation of ENDS use patterns.